List the basic types of portland cement and describe their characteristics and uses.

Types of Portland cement:

Portland cement is classified with its physical properties and its uses. There are six types of Portland cement. They are as follows.

• Type I (General Purpose)
• Type II (Moderate Sulfate Resistance)
• Type III (High early strength)
• Type IV (Low heat of hydration)
• Type V (High sulfate resistance)
• White (White color)

Characteristics and uses of Portland cements:

Type I: It is also known as general purpose cement. The C₃S present in this type of cement is useful for the strength development of the structure. It is used for general type of constructions such as bridges, pavements, precast units and buildings.

Type II: It is also known as moderate sulfate resistance cement. It acts as a resistant for the sulfate attack in the building due to environmental effects and climatic changes. It contains less C₃A that is. It is used where the building materials like soil and water containing more sulfate ions is used for the construction because of its sulfate resistant activity.

Type III: it is known as high early strength cement. This cement is the fine cement. As the name implies the strength of the structure is high in quick period. It contains more C₃S component. It is used for rapid construction like quick time construction and construction during the cold weather season.

Type IV: It is known as low heat of hydration cement and also called slow reacting cement. It contains fewer amounts of C₃S with less than   and less amount of C₃A. It is used for big structures like dams. This type of cement is now rare in use.

Type V: It is known as high sulfate resistance cement. It also acts as a sulfate resistant. It contains very low amount of C₃A which is less than. It is used in the structures which are subjected of exposed in high levels of sulfate ions attack from various sources.

White: It is classified with its color. It has no C₄AF component and low MgO components. It is used for decorative purpose. The properties of White cement are same as the Type I cement.