Failure By Breaking Or Deforming Of A Material.

The material may fail by breaking or deforming excessively due to the following reasons:

Creep: A creep is a state of failure when any type of axial force is subjected to gravity loading on a member for a long period of time, even the force is too small to cause failure in short time. Thus the creep is effect on a member is directly proportional to the duration of loading.

Fatigue: In some members axial forces does not affect under gravity loading even for a long duration but it may be damaged if the load is applied and removed many times, even if a shorter time the load is removed and applied for many times the failure is occurred.

Impact failure: This is the case when the failure is sudden and catastrophic as the load is applied the member does not show any symptoms of failure and the it occurs immediately.